History and Theology of Grace - The Catholic Teaching on Divine Grace

 Our Description

John Hardon, S.J.

What is Grace? Among the mysteries of Catholicism, none is more practically important than the doctrine of grace. It is at the very heart of Christianity because it describes the panorama of God's dealings with mankind. However the doctrine of grace is not simple, as may be seen from the sequence of errors in the understanding of grace seen along the path of the Church's history. In History and Theology of Grace, Fr. John Hardon provides:

• a rich and detailed summary of the Church's understanding of grace
• a well-ordered historical account of how the Church's understanding of grace developed
• an overview of the heresies on the doctrine of grace that have emerged throughout Church history
• an explanation of how the theology of grace impacts every aspect of Christian religion.

Fr. Hardon reminds all Catholics of the integral role grace plays in our daily lives and how a clear grasp of the basic principles of grace is useful, and may at times be indispensable, for directing oneself and others on the road to salvation.

Table of Contents:

Introduction

Chapter 1: Meaning of Divine Grace
Scripture and Theology
Communication and Divine Love

Chapter 2: Necessity for Salvation
Pelagius to Rationalism
Semi-Pelagianism
Luther and Calvin
Rationalism
Scripture and Tradition
Anti-Pelagianism
Beginning of Faith
Reformation to Jansenism
Modern Times
Spiritual Implications
Universal Need
Humility and Prayer
From Christ the Head to His Body
Grace to Mankind

Chapter 3: Powers and Limitations
Autonomy and Impotence
Pelagian Optimism
Cassian's Compromise
Medieval Perfectionism
Protestant Origins
Baianist Prelude
Conquering Delight
Reflexions Morales
Synod of Pistoia
Traditionalism
Centrality of Sin
Catholic Middle-Ground
Substantial Integrity of Mind
Native Capacity of Will
Observance of the Natural Law
Perseverance in Grace
Avoidance of Venial Sin
The Perfect Prayer
Significance in the Theology of Grace
Doctrinal and Moral Interpretation

Chapter 4: Sanctifying Grace
Extrinsic Imputation
Spiritual Rebirth
Decree on Justification
Pauline Theology
Permanent Gift
Created Grace
Physical Reality
Distinct from Charity
Supernatural Life
Nature and Origins
Perseverance and Growth
Law of Conflict and Struggle
Intensity and Variety
Weakness, Death, and Resurrection

Chapter 5: Sharing the Divine Nature
Quest for Divine Unity
Classic and Oriental Religion
Extremes in Christian History
Participation in the Godhead
Sharing in the Divinity
Divine Sonship by Adoption
Divine Friendship and Righteousness
The Indwelling of the Spirit
Mode of Presence
Appropriation to the Holy Spirit

Chapter 6: Actual Graces
Historical Development
Theological Analysis
External Graces
Varieties and Forms
Sanctifying Effect

Chapter 7: Grace and Free Will
Universal Salvific Will
Infants
Sinners
Unbelievers
Process of Justification
Sufficient Grace
Efficacious Grace

Chapter 8: Analysis of Efficacious Grace
History of the Question
Analytic Comparison
Banezianism
Molinism
Congruism
Syncretism

Chapter 9: Supernatural Merit
Resources in Faith
Concept and Variety
Requisite Conditions
Scope of Meritorious Actions
Condign Merit
Congruous Merit
Prayer, Satisfaction, and Merit
Impetration and Merit
Satisfaction
Difference and Increase
Determining Factors in the Person
Determining Factors in the Action

Chapter 10: Infused Virtues and Gifts
Theological Virtues
Meaning and Comparison
Faith
Paradoxes of Belief
Hope
Essential Elements
Object and Motive
Charity
Love of Christ
Love of Neighbor
Effects of Sin
Infused Moral Virtues
Supernatural Infusion
Gifts of the Holy Spirit

Index

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